Log in
Key takeaways
- Saving and investing are both excellent ways to make your money grow and fund future purchases.
- Saving is best for short-term goals and emergency funds, while investing is better for long-term wealth building.
- Investing comes with a higher risk than saving, but can yield higher returns in the long run.
- Start by building an emergency fund, then focus on paying off high-interest debt and maximizing employer-matched investing.
Choosing between saving and investing doesn’t have to feel overwhelming. The right choice depends on your timeline, financial goals, and the level of risk you’re comfortable with. In this guide, you’ll learn when to prioritize each option and how to create a strategy that works for you.
What is saving?
Saving is setting money aside in a safe, easily accessible place, like a savings account. You’re not trying to earn big returns – you’re keeping your money secure while earning a small amount of interest.
Think of saving as your financial safety net. It’s the money you use for:
- Your emergency fund to cover unexpected costs like car repairs or medical bills.
- Your short-term goals, like a vacation or a wedding.
- Peace of mind, knowing you have cash available if you lose your job or face an unexpected bill.
What is investing?
Investing is using your money to buy assets – like stocks, bonds, or real estate – with the goal of growing it over time. Unlike saving, investing puts your money to work to earn higher returns, though it comes with more risk.
People typically invest to reach long-term goals, such as:
- Saving for retirement and building a nest egg for when you stop working full-time.
- Saving for a big purchase such as a future home or a new car.
- Building wealth and growing your net worth over 5, 10, or 20 years.
- Beating inflation to increase the chances of your money’s value keeping up with rising costs.
Key differences between saving and investing
| Feature | Saving | Investing |
|---|---|---|
| Primary goal | Safety and access | Growth and wealth building |
| Risk level | Very low, as accounts are often FDIC-insured | Medium to high |
| Access to money | Higher, meaning the money is liquid | Lower (ideally left alone) |
| Time frame | Short-term, which is typically 0 to 5 years | Long-term, which is typically 5 years or more |
| Typical returns | 3-4% APY | ~10% annually |
Pros and cons of saving
A savings account is a low-risk option that can serve as an emergency fund to cover everyday or unexpected expenses. You can also use savings accounts to save for specific expenses, like a down payment on a house or a dream vacation.
However, if you only keep your money in savings accounts, you’re missing an opportunity for higher returns from investing. There’s also the risk that your money will have less purchasing power when inflation is high.
| Pros of savings accounts | Cons of savings accounts |
| Minimal risk with FDIC protection for bank savings | Little opportunity for growth outside high-yield accounts |
| Establishes an emergency fund | More susceptible to inflation |
| Covers short-term expenses | Easy access can lead to more spending |
Pros and cons of investing
Investing has higher return potential than saving, and you can lower your risk by diversifying your portfolio. Investing is ideal for long-term goals, such as retirement.
However, investing involves the risk of short-term losses since returns vary with market conditions. It’s not ideal for shorter-term financial goals, like saving for a new car.
| Pros of investing | Cons of investing |
|---|---|
| Higher return potential | Risk of losses |
| Long-term goal achievement | A longer time frame may be necessary |
| Risk reduction through diversification | Needs discipline and commitment |
When you should prioritize saving
Before you jump into the stock market, focus on these priorities. You should prioritize saving if:
- You don’t have a cash cushion yet. Experts recommend saving at least three to six months‘ worth of living expenses. This protects you from having to sell investments at a loss if you suddenly need money.
- You need the money soon. If you’re planning to buy a house, get married, or go on a big trip in the next three to five years, keep that money in savings.
- You have high-interest debt. Using extra cash to pay off credit cards, which often have APRs of 22% or higher, is a guaranteed return on your money.
- You’re risk-averse. Savings accounts are often insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for up to $250,000 per depositor, which helps protect your money.
When you should start investing
You’re likely ready to start investing if:
- You can cover three to six months of expenses with your emergency savings. The exact amount you need in your emergency fund depends on your lifestyle, family obligations, and more.
- You won’t need the money for at least five years. A longer timeline gives your money time to recover from market dips and grow.
- Your employer offers a 401(k) match. Consider contributing enough to get the full match – it’s like getting free money that can boost your retirement savings.
- You’ve paid off high-interest debt. With credit cards out of the way, you can focus on earning returns rather than paying interest.
- You want to save for the long term. Investing is ideal for funding retirement through an employer-sponsored 401(k), an individual retirement account (IRA), or a brokerage account.
Types of savings accounts
Choose from these common savings account options:
- High-yield savings accounts (HYSAs) have a much higher annual percentage yield (APY) than traditional savings accounts, making them a great place to keep your emergency fund.
- Certificates of deposit (CDs) lock your money away for a set time, such as one year, in exchange for a fixed interest rate that’s usually higher than a standard savings account.
- Money market accounts (MMAs) often offer both check-writing privileges (like a checking account) and interest earnings (like a savings account).
Learn more about the different types of bank accounts to determine the best choice for you.
Types of investment accounts
You’ll need a specific account to hold your investments. Common options include:
- Employer-sponsored retirement plans, like 401(k)s or 403(b)s, take contributions directly from your paycheck, often before taxes – and many companies offer matching contributions.
- Individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are retirement accounts you open yourself or through an employer. Traditional IRAs take pre-tax contributions to lower your taxable income now, while Roth IRAs offer tax-free withdrawals in retirement.
- Brokerage accounts are standard investment accounts that can be used to invest for any goal, on any timeline. There are no tax advantages, but you can withdraw money from them at any time without paying a penalty.
Can you save and invest at the same time?
Absolutely! Most people should do both – it’s rarely an either/or decision.
Many people successfully do both by building their emergency savings and prioritizing their employer’s 401(k) match first. Once that safety net is full, they increase their investment contributions.
Even saving or investing a small amount, like $50 per month, can add up over time. The key is balancing today’s safety with tomorrow’s growth.
Building your financial future with saving and investing
The best financial strategy uses both saving and investing. Keep at least three to six months’ worth of expenses in savings for emergencies and short-term goals, then invest the rest for long-term growth, such as retirement.
Ready to plan ahead? Here’s how to start planning for retirement in your 20s and 30s.
Frequently asked questions about saving vs. investing
Is it better to invest or put in savings?
It depends on your timeline. Choose savings for money you need within three years, and investing for goals five or more years away.
How much should I save before I start investing?
Aim to save three to six months of living expenses first, then max out your full employer 401(k) match. Once you’ve done that, you can look into investing through a brokerage account.
Should I pay off debt before saving or investing?
Yes – especially high-interest debt like credit cards, which average 22.3% APR. Build a small $1,000 emergency fund first, then attack your debt before investing heavily.